About CNC machine tools, you understand that the tool can be divided into five categories according to the form of the workpiece processing surface:

■ Machining a variety of external surface tools, including turning tools, planing knives, milling cutters, outer surface broach and file; ■ Hole processing tools, including drill, reaming drill, boring cutter, reamer and internal surface broach, etc.

■ Thread processing tools, including tap, die, automatic opening thread cutting head, thread turning tool and thread milling cutter;

■ Gear machining tools, including hob, gear shaper, shaving cutter, bevel gear machining tool, etc.

■ Cutting tools, including inserted circular saw blade, band saw, bow saw, cutting tool and saw blade milling cutter, etc.

In addition, there are combination tools.

According to the cutting motion and the corresponding blade shape, the tool can be divided into three categories:

■ Universal tools, such as turning tools, planing knives, milling cutters (excluding forming turning tools, forming planing knives and forming milling cutters), boring tools, drills, reaming drills, reamers and saws;

■ Forming tool, the cutting edge of this type of tool has the same or close to the same shape as the section of the workpiece being processed, such as forming turning tool, forming planing tool, forming milling cutter, broach, taper reamer and various thread processing tools;

■ The developing tool is used to process the tooth surface of the gear or similar workpieces, such as hob, gear shaper, shaving cutter, bevel gear planer and bevel gear milling cutter.

So, what is the structure of the tool?

The structure of various tools is composed of a clamping part and a working part. The clamping part and working part of the overall structure of the tool are done on the tool body; The working part of the tool (the tooth or blade) is mounted on the tool body.

The clamping part of the tool has two kinds of holes and handles. The tool with hole relies on the inner hole set on the spindle or mandrel of the machine tool, and transmits the torsional torque with the help of the axial key or the end key, such as the cylindrical milling cutter and the sleeve face milling cutter.

The tool with the handle is usually rectangular handle, cylindrical handle and conical handle three kinds. Turning tools, planing tools, etc. are generally rectangular handles; The conical handle withstands the axial thrust with the taper and transmits the torque with the help of friction. Cylindrical shank is generally suitable for smaller twist drill, end mill and other tools, cutting with the help of the friction generated when clamping torque transfer. The shank of many tools with handles is made of low alloy steel, and the working part is made of high speed steel welded to each other.

The working part of the tool is the part that generates and processes chips, including the blade, the structure that breaks or rolls the chips, the space for removing chips or storing chips, the channel of the cutting fluid and other structural elements. The working part of some tools is the cutting part, such as turning tools, planing tools, boring tools and milling tools; The working part of some tools includes the cutting part and the calibration part, such as the drill, reaming drill, reamer, internal surface broach and tap. The role of the cutting part is to remove the chip with the blade, and the role of the calibration part is to polish the machining surface that has been cut and guide the tool

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